Electricity & Magnetism
Power and magnetism are close forces that are a part of one's everyday life - from keeping homes lighted to helping the compasses to always point north. This topic discusses how electric circuits operate, principle of Ohm's Law, and unusual behavior of magnets.
1. Circuits
A circuit is a closed-circuit in which electricity flows. It is comprised of such elements as a power source, wires, and such devices as bulbs or motors.
Types of Circuits:
Series Circuit: One version for current; if any part breaks the whole circumstance is brought to a halt.
Parallel Circuit: Multiple paths; devices work independently.
Key Components:
Battery (source of voltage)
Conductor (wires)
Load (consumes electricity - as a bulb)
Switch (opens/closes the circuit)
Knowledge in circuits is important in design and debugging of electrical systems.
2. Ohm's Law
Ohm's law describes the concept of voltage, current, and resistances in a circuit.
V=I×R
V is voltage (volts)
I is current (amperes)
R is resistance (ohms)
What it Means:
As resistance goes up, the current goes down - if voltage remains constant.
It is useful in computing for the strength of a given current or for the resistor required to be used.
This law is essential to the practice of electrical protection and gadget formation.
3. Magnets
Magnets create a magnetic field that has the property to attract certain materials such as iron. They are the essence to how motors, generators, and compasses operate.
Types of Magnets:
Permanent magnets: Always magnetic (e.g., fridge magnets).
Electromagnets: Made when an electric current passes through a coil.
Magnetic Fields:
Poleward (north and south) it is the strongest.
Invisible lines indicate the direction and magnitude of the force.
Electricity and Magnetism Connection:
When electric charges are moved, there are magnetic fields produced.
Magnetic fields are capable of creating electricity that's how generators do it.