Factors and Multiples

🔢 Factors and Multiples

With Factors & Multiples, children are able to see the relationship between multiplication and division. It forms a good base for understanding number theory and solving different kinds of problems. Understanding factors and multiples sets students up to tackle advanced ideas like prime numbers, least common multiples, and greatest common factors. Doing interactive activities and example problems make these topics fun to understand.

Prime and Composite Numbers

In primary school, children practice identifying prime numbers that are only divisible by 1 and itself, and composite numbers, which are divisible by more than just 1 and itself. Being able to see the difference helps students develop their skills in number sense and multiple approaches for calculation. Activities such as drawing out factor trees and searching for prime numbers allow students to learn by doing.

Multiples

Children learn that multiples are the results obtained by multiplying by a number and whole numbers (for instance, multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, etc.). They are taught to write out multiples and see how they are used in skip counting and patterns. Understanding multiples improves our ability to identify series and work out problems connected to grouping objects. Using games and charts makes it easier for students to understand cause-and-effect.

Activity Idea

Number Sort Game - Write numbers on paper, then sort into prime or composite piles.

Entertainment Activities

1. Bean Counter Multiples - Use beans to show groups of multiples (e.g., 3 beans in 4 rows for 12).

2. Prime Number Toss - Toss a beanbag onto a chart only on prime numbers.

3. Factor Tree Poster - Create posters breaking numbers into factors.